There are two primary types of fireproofing materials: cementitious and intumescent. Cementitious materials, such as those made from gypsum, slag wool, Portland cement, and vermiculite, is applied as a thick paste via spraying onto structural supports. Once dried, they form a hard barrier that effectively slows down the fire’s progression. Intumescent fireproofing, on the other hand, is paint-based and offers a more aesthetically pleasing finish compared to cementitious materials. However, it tends to be more expensive.

National and regional building codes determine the effectiveness of how fireproofing materials are evaluated and rated based on specific criteria. These ratings typically denote the duration (in hours) for which the material can withstand fire exposure. This includes the maximum temperature it can endure during that time. Common ratings include 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, and 4 hours, depending on the application and location of the building.

It’s important to note that while fireproofing materials can significantly enhance fire safety. However, their effectiveness can diminish over time depending on the severity and duration of the fire. Therefore, regular inspection and maintenance are essential to ensure continued protection.